Markdown is a lightweight plain-text formatting syntax designed to be readable even before it's converted to HTML or another output format. Headings, bold and italic text, lists, links, and code blocks are all written using simple punctuation-based conventions, like asterisks for emphasis or hash symbols for headings, that most people can learn in a few minutes. A Markdown processor then converts that plain text into styled HTML, though the raw source stays legible on its own, which is part of why it's become the default format for README files, documentation, and technical writing across the software industry.
Because Markdown files are plain text, they work naturally with version control systems like Git, producing clean, readable diffs when content changes, something binary document formats can't offer. Countless variants and extensions exist, including GitHub Flavored Markdown, which adds tables, task lists, and syntax-highlighted code blocks, and CommonMark, an effort to standardize the format's often inconsistent parsing behavior across different implementations.
Markdown appears throughout open-source software, both as the format projects use for their own documentation and, in some cases, as a feature the software itself supports for user-generated content. Every project on this page almost certainly uses Markdown for its README and contributor documentation. Tldr, the collaborative collection of simplified command-line reference pages featured here, stores its entire content library as Markdown files, using the format's readability and Git-friendliness as a core part of how contributors write and review new pages.